


The town of Phoenix was settled in 1867, and incorporated in 1881 as the City of Phoenix. The city of Phoenix's story begins as people from those settlements expanded south, in conjunction with the establishment of a military outpost to the east of current day Phoenix. Central Arizona was first settled during the early 19th century by American settlers. While the first explorers were Spanish, their attempts at settlement were confined to Tucson and the south before 1800.

By the time the first Europeans arrived at the beginning of the 16th century, the two main groups of native Indians who inhabited the area were the O'odham and Sobaipuri tribes. They suddenly disappeared by 1450, for unknown reasons. The Hohokam first settled the area around 1 AD, and in about 500 years, they had begun to establish the canal system which enabled agriculture to flourish in the area. Out of these archaic Indians, the Hohokam civilization arose. Around approximately 1,000 BC, the nomadic began to be accompanied by two other types of cultures, commonly called the farmers and the villagers, prompted by the introduction of maize into their culture. Other nomadic tribes (archaic Indians) moved into the area, mostly from Mexico to the south and California to the west. As that prey moved eastward, they followed, vacating the area. Mammoths were the primary prey of hunters. The history of Phoenix, Arizona, goes back millennia, beginning with nomadic paleo-Indians who existed in the Americas in general, and the Salt River Valley in particular, about 7,000 BC until about 6,000 BC. Skyline view of Phoenix - looking northeast from a helicopter, from above the 4th Avenue
